Free Grace by John Wesley

Notes to the reader.

1. My outline of the sermon is given below in bold enlarged type.  The numbering of paragraphs is from the 1872 edition of Wesley's sermons but the sentence numbering is mine.  From the content, this sermon can be titled "A Refutation of the Church of England doctrine of Election" though he titled it, "Free Grace" (more generally, it might be titled simply "Election" or "Election Reconsidered"). He uses election and predestination coextensively and does very little exposition of Romans 8:32, his text. Using Wesley's cues by numbered paragraphs, but focusing the theme as a refutation of election, I arrive at the following outline:

·                  Definition/Clarification of election  1-9

·                  Refutation of election  10-28

·                  Re-interpretation of election  29

·                  Conclusion 30

Within the refutation section, Wesley identifies seven reasons to reject the reformed doctrine of the church of which he was a member (the first is paragraph 10, and the seventh begins at paragraph 23, so the sixth must be 20-22).  Some of the seven can be combined because they develop the same point, but for clarity we can best follow his sevenfold outline (that contains 18 interrelated arguments).  Also, paragraph 29 is where Wesley presents a positive argument for the view of election he holds in light of the critique he has given. 

2. Wesley and Whitefield reason extensively in proclaiming the gospel and they both do so in a heartfelt way with much passion. So appreciate their passion, drink it in, but also look beyond it to their arguments. We need to be passionate in the ministry of the word. We ought to boil within as we behold the glory of God in the face of Christ. But our zeal is to be informed so that when we boil over what spills out will honor the Lord in accordance with truth.  

R. Ostella ( 1-23-2006 )

  

FREE GRACE

by John Wesley

Preached at Bristol , in the year 1740

 

SERMON 128

(text from the 1872 edition)

TO THE READER

1Nothing but the strongest conviction, not only that what is here advanced is "the truth as it is in Jesus," but also that I am indispensably obliged to declare this truth to all the world, could have induced me openly to oppose the sentiments of those whom I esteem for their work's sake: At whose feet may I be found in the day of the Lord Jesus! 2Should any believe it his duty to reply hereto, I have only one request to make, -- Let whatsoever you do, be done inherently, in love, and in the spirit of meekness. 3Let your very disputing show that you have "put on, as the elect of God, bowel of mercies, gentleness, longsuffering;" that even according to this time it may be said, "See how these Christians love one another!"

ADVERTISEMENT

1Whereas a pamphlet entitled, "Free Grace Indeed," has been published against this Sermon; this is to inform the publisher, that I cannot answer his tract till he appears to be more in earnest. 2For I dare not speak of "the deep things of God" in the spirit of a prize-fighter or a stage-player. 3"He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?" Romans 8:32

Definition: the reformed doctrine of election & where it leads 1-9

Preface argument (# 1): paragraphs 1-4 

Rightly understood, those who believe the reformed doctrine deny free grace defined in Rom. 8.32 (1.1-4.1) to be for all; they do so by affirming that some are ordained to life (4.2) and the rest to death (4.3), which means that those ordained to death are hated by God (4.4a), destined before birth to eternal death (4.4b, born to be destroyed, 4.6), without the possibility of redemption (4.7) because of God's absolute decree, His good pleasure, and His sovereign will (4.5). RAO

 

1. 1How freely does God love the world! 2While we were yet sinners, "Christ died for the ungodly." 3While we were "dead in our sin," God "spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all." 4And how freely with him does he "give us all things!" 5Verily, FREE GRACE is all in all!

2. 1The grace or love of God, whence cometh our salvation, is FREE IN ALL, and FREE FOR ALL.

3. 1First. It is free in all to whom it is given. 2It does not depend on any power or merit in man; no, not in any degree, neither in whole, nor in part. 3It does not in anywise depend either on the good works or righteousness of the receiver; not on anything he has done, or anything he is. 4It does not depend on his endeavors. 5It does not depend on his good tempers, or good desires, or good purposes and intentions; for all these flow from the free grace of God; they are the streams only, not the fountain. 6They are the fruits of free grace, and not the root. 7They are not the cause, but the effects of it. 8Whatsoever good is in man, or is done by man, God is the author and doer of it. 9Thus is his grace free in all; that is, no way depending on any power or merit in man, but on God alone, who freely gave us his own Son, and "with him freely giveth us all things.

4. 1But it is free for ALL, as well as IN ALL. 2To this some have answered, "No: It is free only for those whom God hath ordained to life; and they are but a little flock. 3The greater part of God hath ordained to death; and it is not free for them. 4Them God hateth; and, therefore, before they were born, decreed they should die eternally. 5And this he absolutely decreed; because so was his good pleasure; because it was his sovereign will. 6Accordingly, they are born for this, -- to be destroyed body and soul in hell. 7And they grow up under the irrevocable curse of God, without any possibility of redemption; for what grace God gives, he gives only for this, to increase, not prevent, their damnation."

Preface argument  (# 2): paragraphs 5-9

Rightly understood, the reformed doctrine of election entails the doctrine of reprobation (9.1-2). Some try to hold to election without reprobation, but if you hold that God ordained them to this very thing (some to glorification & the rest to themselves and thus to destruction) then you believe in predestination in the full sense (5.1-6.4, you hold both election and reprobation), if you believe that God hardens hearts then you hold all that has been said of predestination (6.5-9), if you believe that all being dead in sin, God decreed to say to some of the dry bones, live, leaving the rest to abide in death (7.1-8.1) then you hold with softer words the self-same thing, reprobation (8.7, you are where you was, 8.4a-c) because you believe that only those thus elected will be saved (8.2), you believe that it is not possible for any to be saved unless thus elected (8.3), you believe that none can save them but God, and He will not save them (8.4d), you believe God's decree to not save them is absolute (8.5), and you believe that all are dead, and altogether unable to make themselves alive and that God has absolutely decreed he will make only some alive and not others. RAO

5. 1This is that decree of predestination. 2But methinks I hear one say, "This is not the predestination which I hold: I hold only the election of grace. 3What I believe is not more than this, -- that God, before the foundation of the world, did elect a certain number of men to be justified, sanctified, and glorified. 4Now, all these will be saved, and none else; for the rest of mankind God leaves to themselves: So they follow the imaginations of their own hearts, which are only evil continually, and, waxing worse and worse, are at length justly punished with everlasting destruction."

6. 1Is this all the predestination which you hold? 2Consider; perhaps this is not all. 3Do not you believe God ordained them to this very thing" 4If so, you believe the whole degree; you hold predestination in the full sense which has been above described. 5But it may be you think you do not. 6Do not you then believe, God hardens the hearts of them that perish: Do not you believe, he (literally) hardened Pharaoh's heart; and that for this end he raised him up, or created him? 7Why, this amounts to just the same thing. 8If you believe Pharaoh, or any one man upon earth, was created for this end, -- to be damned, -- you hold all that has been said of predestination. 9And there is no need you should add, that God seconds his degree, which is supposed unchangeable and irresistible, by hardening the hearts of those vessels of wrath whom that decree had before fitted for destruction.

7. 1Well, but it may be you do not believe even this; you do not hold any decree of reprobation; you do not think God decrees any man to be damned, not hardens, irresistibly fits him, for damnation; you only say, "God eternally decreed, that all being dead in sin, he would say to some of the dry bones, Live, and to others he would not; that, consequently, these should be made alive, and those abide in death, -- these should glorify God by their salvation, and those by their destruction."

8. 1Is not this what you mean by the election of grace? 2If it be, I would ask one or two questions: Are any who are not thus elected saved? or were any, from the foundation of the world? 3Is it possible any man should be saved unless he be thus elected? 4If you say, "No," you are but where you was; you are not got one hair's breadth farther; you still believe, that, in consequence of an unchangeable, irresistible decree of God, the greater part of mankind abide in death, without any possibility of redemption; inasmuch as none can save them but God, and he will not save them. 5You believe he hath absolutely decreed not to save them; and what is this but decreeing to damn them? 6It is, in effect, neither more not less; it comes to the same thing; for if you are dead, and altogether unable to make yourself alive, then, if God has absolutely decreed he will make only others alive, and not you, he hath absolutely decreed your everlasting death; you are absolutely consigned to damnation. 7So then, though you use softer words than some, you mean the self-same thing; and God's decree concerning the election of grace, according to your account of it, amounts to neither more not less than what others call God's decree of reprobation.

9. 1Call it therefore by whatever name you please, election, preterition, predestination, or reprobation, it comes in the end to the same thing. 2The sense of all is plainly this, -- by virtue of an eternal, unchangeable, irresistible decree of God, one part of mankind are infallibly saved, and the rest infallibly damned; it being impossible that any of the former should be damned, or that any of the latter should be saved.

 

Refutation of Election: paragraphs 10-28

First 

# 3 Preaching is made vain, 10:1-4, 11:1

10. 1But if this be so, then is all preaching vain. 2It is needless to them that are elected; for they, whether with preaching or without, will infallibly be saved. 3Therefore, the end of preaching -- to save souls -- is void with regard to them; and it is useless to them that are not elected, for they cannot possibly be saved: They, whether with preaching or without, will infallibly be damned. 4The end of preaching is therefore void with regard to them likewise; so that in either case our preaching is vain, as your hearing is also vain.

11. 1This then, is a plain proof that the doctrine of predestination is not a doctrine of God, because it makes void the ordinance of God; and God is not divided against himself. 

 Second 

# 4 Holiness part one, 11:2-8

11. 2 Second is, that it directly tends to destroy that holiness which is the end of all the ordinances of God. 3I do not say, none who hold it are holy; (for God is of tender mercy to those who are unavoidably entangled in errors of any kind;) but that the doctrine itself, -- that every man is either elected or not elected from eternity, and that the one must inevitably be saved, and the other inevitably damned, -- has a manifest tendency to destroy holiness in general; for it wholly takes away those first motives to follow after it, so frequently proposed in Scripture, the hope of future reward and fear of punishment, the hope of heaven and fear of hell. 4That these shall go away into everlasting punishment, and those into life eternal, is not motive to him to struggle for life who believes his lot is cast already; it is not reasonable for him so to do, if he thinks he is unalterably adjudged either to life or death. 5You will say, "But he knows not whether it is life or death." 6What then? -- this helps not the matter; for if a sick man knows that he must unavoidably die, or unavoidably recover, though he knows not which, it is unreasonable for him to take any physic at all. 7He might justly say, (and so I have heard some speak, both in bodily sickness and in spiritual,) "If I am ordained to life, I shall live; if to death, I shall die; so I need not trouble myself about it." 8So directly does this doctrine tend to shut the very gate of holiness in general, -- to hinder unholy men from ever approaching thereto, or striving to enter in thereat.

 

#5 Holiness Part two, 12:1-10

12. 1As directly does this doctrine tend to destroy several particular branches of holiness. 2Such are meekness and love, -- love, I mean, of our enemies, -- of the evil and unthankful. 3I say not, that none who hold it have meekness and love; (for as is the power of God, so is his mercy;) but that it naturally tends to inspire, or increase, a sharpness or eagerness of temper, which is quite contrary to the meekness of Christ; as then especially appears, when they are opposed on this head. 4And it as naturally inspires contempt or coldness towards those whom we suppose outcast from God. 5"O but," you say. "I suppose no particular man a reprobate." 6You mean you would not if you could help it: But you cannot help sometimes applying your general doctrine to particular persons: The enemy of souls will apply it for you. 7You know how often he has done so. 8But you rejected the thought with abhorrence. 9True; as soon as you could; but how did it sour and sharpen your spirit in the mean time! 10you well know it was not the spirit of love which you then felt towards that poor sinner, whom you supposed or suspected, whether you would or no, to have been hated of God from eternity.

 

 

 

 

Third 

# 6 Comfort argument, part 1: regarding those who believe themselves reprobate, 13:1-4

13. Thirdly. 1This doctrine tends to destroy the comfort of religion, the happiness of Christianity. 2This is evident as to all those who believe themselves to be reprobated, or who only suspect or fear it. 3All the great and precious promises are lost to them; they afford them no ray of comfort: For they are not the elect of God; therefore they have neither lot nor portion in them. 4This is an effectual bar to their finding any comfort or happiness, even in that religion whose ways are designed to be "ways of pleasantness, and all her paths peace."

 

# 7 Comfort argument, part 2: regarding those who believe themselves elect, 14-16

14. 1And as to you who believe yourselves the elect of God, what is your happiness? 2I hope, not a notion, a speculative belief, a bare opinion of any kind; but a feeling possession of God in your heart, wrought in you by the Holy Ghost, or, the witness of God's Spirit with your spirit that you are a child of God. 3This, otherwise termed "the full assurance of faith,: is the true ground of a Christian's happiness. 4And it does indeed imply a full assurance that all your past sins are forgiven, and that you are now a child of God. 5But it does not necessarily imply a full assurance of our future perseverance. 6I do not say this is never joined to it, but that it is not necessarily implied therein; for many have the one who have not the other.

15. 1Now, this witness of the Spirit experience shows to be much obstructed by this doctrine; and not only in those who, Believing themselves reprobated, by this belief thrust it far from them, but even in them that have tasted of that good gift, who yet have soon lost it again, and fallen back into doubts, and fears, and darkness, -- horrible darkness, that might be felt! 2And I appeal to any of you who hold this doctrine, to say, between God and your own hearts, whether you have not often a return of doubts and fears concerning your election or perseverance! 3If you ask, "Who has not?" 4I answer, Very few of those that hold this doctrine; but many, very many, of those that hold it not, in all parts of the earth; - many of those who know and feel they are in Christ today, and "take no thought for the morrow;" who "abide in him" by faith from hour to hour, or rather, from moment to moment; - many of these have enjoyed the uninterrupted witness of his Spirit, the continual light of his countenance, from the moment wherein they first believed, for many months or years, to this day.

16. 1That assurance of faith which these enjoy excludes all doubt and fear, It excludes all kinds of doubt and fear concerning their future perseverance; though it is not properly, as was said before, an assurance of what is future, but only of what now is. 2And this needs not for its support a speculative belief, that whoever is once ordained to life must live; for it is wrought from hour to hour, by the mighty power of God, "by the Holy Ghost which is given unto them." 3And therefore that doctrine is not of God, because it tends to obstruct, if not destroy, this great work of the Holy Ghost, whence flows the chief comfort of religion, the happiness of Christianity.

 

# 8 Comfort argument, part 3: regarding the basis of unchangeable doom, 17

17. 1Again: How uncomfortable a thought is this, that thousands and millions of men, without any preceding offense or fault of theirs, were unchangeably doomed to everlasting burnings! 2How peculiarly uncomfortable must it be to those who have put on Christ! to those who, being filled with bowels of mercy, tenderness, and compassion, could even "wish themselves accursed for their brethren's sake!"

 

 

Fourth 

# 9 Good works argument, 18

18. Fourthly. 1This uncomfortable doctrine directly tends to destroy our zeal for good works. 2And this it does, First, as it naturally tends (according to what was observed before) to destroy our love to the greater part of mankind, namely, the evil and unthankful. 3For whatever lessens our love, must go far lessen our desire to do them good. 4This it does, Secondly, as it cuts off one of the strongest motives to all acts of bodily mercy, such as feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and the like, -- viz., the hope of saving their souls from death. 5For what avails it to relieve their temporal wants, who are just dropping into eternal fire? 6"Well; but run and snatch them as brands out of the fire. 7Nay, this you suppose impossible. 8They were appointed thereunto, you say, from eternity, before they had done either good or evil. 9You believe it is the will of God they should die. 10And "who hath resisted his will?" 11But you say you do not know whether these are elected or not. 12What then? 13If you know they are the one or the other, -- that they are either elected or not elected, -- all your labour is void and vain. 14In either case, your advice, reproof, or exhortation is as needless and useless as our preaching. 15It is needless to them that are elected; for they will infallibly be saved without it. 16It is useless to them that are not elected; for with or without it they will infallibly be damned; therefore you cannot consistently with your principles take any pains about their salvation. 17Consequently, those principles directly tend to destroy you zeal for good works; for all good works; but particularly for the greatest of all, the saving of souls from death.

 

 

Fifth 

# 10 The "Christian revelation unnecessary" argument, 19

19. But, Fifthly, 1this doctrine not only tends to destroy Christian holiness, happiness, and good works, but hath also a direct and manifest tendency to overthrow the whole Christian Revelation. 2The point which the wisest of the modern unbelievers most industriously labour to prove, is, that the Christian Revelation is not necessary. 3They well know, could they once show this, the conclusion would be too plain to be denied, "If it be not necessary, it is not true," 4Now, this fundamental point you give up. 5For supposing that eternal, unchangeable decree, one part of mankind must be saved, though the Christian Revelation were not in being, and the other part of mankind must be damned, notwithstanding that Revelation. 6And what would an infidel desire more? 7You allow him all he asks. 8In making the gospel thus unnecessary to all sorts of men, you give up the whole Christian cause. "O tell it not in Gath ! lest the daughters of the uncircumcised rejoice; "lest the sons of unbelief triumph!

 Sixth 

Reductio of election in three parts

# 11 Part 1, 20.1-10

20. 1And as this doctrine manifestly and directly tends to overthrow the whole Christian Revelation, so it does the same thing, by plain consequence, in making that Revelation contradict itself. 2For it is grounded on such an interpretation of some texts (more or fewer it matters not) as flatly contradicts all the other texts, and indeed the whole scope and tenor of Scripture. 3For instance: The assertors of this doctrine interpret that text of Scripture, "Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated," as implying that God in a literal sense hated Esau, and all the reprobated, from eternity. 4Now, what can possibly be a more flat contradiction than this, not only to the whole scope and tenor of Scripture, but also to all those particular texts which expressly declare, "God is love?" 5Again: They infer from that text, "I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy," (Romans 9:15) that God is love only to some men, viz., the elect, and that he hath mercy for those only; flatly contrary to which is the whole tenor of Scripture, as is that express declaration in particular, "The Lord is loving unto every man; and his mercy is over all his works." (Psalm 114:9) 6Again: They infer from that and the like texts, "It is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy,: that he showeth mercy only to those to whom he had respect from all eternity. 7Nay, but who replieth against God now? 8You now contradict the whole oracles of God, which declare throughout, "God is no respecter of persons:' (Acts 10:34) "There is no respect of persons with him." (Rom. 2:11) 9Again: from that text, "The children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth; it was said unto her," unto Rebecca, "The elder shall serve the younger;" you infer, that our being predestinated, or elect, no way depends on the foreknowledge of God. 10Flatly contrary to this are all the scriptures; and those in particular, "Elect according to the foreknowledge of God;" (1 Peter 1:2;) "Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate." (Rom. 8:29 .)

 

 

# 12 Reductio of election part 2, 21.1-3

21. 1And "the same Lord over all is rich" in mercy "to all that call upon him:" (Romans 10:12 :)  2But you say, "No; he is such only to those for whom Christ died. And those are not all, but only a few, whom God hath chosen out of the world; for he died not for all, but only for those who were 'chosen in him before the foundation of the world.'" (Eph. 1:4.) 3Flatly contrary to your interpretation of these scriptures, also, is the whole tenor of the New Testament; as are in particular those texts: -- "Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died," (Rom. 14:15,) -- a clear proof that Christ died, not only for those that are saved, but also for them that perish: He is "the Saviour of the world;" (John 4:42;) He is "the Lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the world;" (John 1:29 ;) "He is the propitiation, not for our sins only, but also for the sins of the whole world;" (1 John 2:2;) "He," the living God, "is the Savior of all men;" (1 Timothy 4:10 ;) "He gave himself a ransom for all;" (1 Tim. 2:6;) "He tasted death for every man." (Heb. 2:9.)

# 13 Reductio of election part 3, 22:1-7

22. 1If you ask, "Why then are not all men saved?" 2the whole law and the testimony answer, First, Not because of any decree of God; not because it is his pleasure they should die; for, As I live, saith the Lord God," I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth." (Ezek. 18:3, 32.) 3Whatever be the cause of their perishing, it cannot be his will, if the oracles of God are true; for they declare, "He is not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance;" (2 Pet. 3:9;) "He willeth that all men should be saved." 4And they, Secondly, declare what is the cause why all men are not saved, namely, that they will not be saved: So our Lord expressly, "Ye will not come unto me that ye may have life." (John 5:40.) 5"The power of the Lord is present to heal" them, but they will not be healed. 6"They reject the counsel," the merciful counsel, "of God against themselves," as did their stiff-necked forefathers. 7And therefore are they without excuse; because God would save them, but they will not be saved: This is the condemnation, "How often would I have gathered you together, and ye would not!" (Matt. 23:37.)

Reductio summary, 23:1

23. 1Thus manifestly does this doctrine tend to overthrow the whole Christian Revelation, by making it contradict itself; by giving such an interpretation of some texts, as flatly contradicts all the other texts, and indeed the whole scope and tenor of Scripture; -- an abundant proof that it is not of God. 

 

 

 

Seventh 

Blasphemy argument introduction, 23:2-5

23.2But neither is this all: For, Seventhly, it is a doctrine full of blasphemy; of such blasphemy as I should dread to mention, but that the honour of our gracious God, and the cause of his truth, will not suffer me to be silent. 3In the cause of God, then, and from a sincere concern for the glory of his great name, I will mention a few of the horrible blasphemies contained in this horrible doctrine. 4But first, I must warn every one of you that hears, as ye will answer it at the great day, not to charge me (as some have done) with blaspheming, because I mention the blasphemy of others. 5And the more you are grieve with them that do thus blaspheme, see that ye "confirm your love towards them: the more, and that your heart's desire, and continual prayer to God, be, "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do!"

# 14 Part 1: Blasphemy of the Son, 24:1-10

24. 1This premised, let it be observed, that this doctrine represents our blessed Lord, "Jesus Christ the righteous," "the only begotten Son of the Father, full of grace and truth," as an hypocrite, a deceiver of the people, a man void of common sincerity. 2For it cannot be denied, that he everywhere speaks as if he was willing that all men should be saved. 3Therefore, to say he was not willing that all men should be saved, is to represent him as a mere hypocrite and dissembler. 4It cannot be denied that the gracious words which came out of his mouth are full of invitations to all sinners. 5To say, then, he did not intend to save all sinners, is to represent him as a gross deceiver of the people. 6You cannot deny that he says, "Come unto me, all ye that are weary and heavy laden." If, then, you say he calls those that cannot come; those whom he knows to be unable to come; those whom he can make able to come, but will not; how is it possible to describe greater insincerity? 7You represent him as mocking his helpless creatures, by offering what he never intends to give. 8You describe him as saying on thing, and meaning another; as pretending the love which his had not. 9Him, in "whose mouth was no guile," you make full of deceit, void of common sincerity; -- then especially, when, drawing nigh the city, He wept over it, and said, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, -- and ye would not;" [Gk. of "I would…and you would not"]. 10Now, if you say, they would, but he would not, you represent him (which who could hear?) as weeping crocodiles' tears; weeping over the prey which himself had doomed to destruction!

 

 

 

 

Part 2: blasphemy of the Father

# 15 Attributes of God are destroyed, 25-26

25. 1Such blasphemy this, as one would think might make the ears of a Christian to tingle! 2But there is yet more behind; for just as it honours the Son, so doth this doctrine honour the Father. 3It destroys all his attributes at once: It overturns both his justice, mercy, and truth; yea, it represents the most holy God as worse than the devil, as both more false, more cruel, and more unjust. 4More false; because the devil, liar as he is, hath never said, "He willeth all men to be saved:" More unjust; because the devil cannot, if he would, be guilty of such injustice as you ascribe to God, when you say that God condemned millions of souls to everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels, for continuing in sin, which, for want of that grace he will not give them, they cannot avoid: And more cruel; because that unhappy spirit "seeketh rest and findeth none;" so that his own restless misery is a kind of temptation to him to tempt others. 5But God resteth in his high and holy place; so that to suppose him, of his own mere motion, of his pure will and pleasure, happy as he is, to doom his creatures, whether they will or no, to endless misery, is to impute such cruelty to him as we cannot impute even to the great enemy of God and man. 6It is to represent the high God (he that hath ears to hear let him hear!) as more cruel, false, and unjust than the devil!

26. 1This is the blasphemy clearly contained in the horrible decree of predestination! 2And here I fix my foot. 3On this I join issue with every assertor of it. 4You represent God as worse than the devil; more false, more cruel, more unjust. 5But you say you will prove it by scripture. 6Hold! What will you prove by Scripture? that God is worse than the devil? 7It cannot be. 8Whatever that Scripture proves, it never can prove this; whatever its true meaning be. 9This cannot be its true meaning. 10Do you ask, "What is its true meaning then?" 11If I say, " I know not," you have gained nothing; for there are many scriptures the true sense whereof neither you nor I shall know till death is swallowed up in victory. 12But this I know, better it were to say it had no sense, than to say it had such a sense as this. 13It cannot mean, whatever it mean besides, that the God of truth is a liar. 14Let it mean what it will it cannot mean that the Judge of all the world is unjust. 15No scripture can mean that God is not love, or that his mercy is not over all his works; that is, whatever it prove beside, no scripture can prove predestination.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  # 16 The Father's work renders useless the work of the devil, 27

27. 1This is the blasphemy for which (however I love the persons who assert it) I abhor the doctrine of predestination, a doctrine, upon the supposition of which, if one could possibly suppose it for a moment, (call it election, reprobation, or what you please, for all comes to the same thing,) one might say to our adversary, the devil, "Thou fool, why dost thou roar about any longer? 2Thy lying in wait for souls is as needless and useless as our preaching. 3Hearest thou not, that God hath taken thy work out of thy hands; and that he doeth it much more effectually? 4Thou, with all thy principalities and powers, canst only so assault that we may resist thee; but He can irresistibly destroy both body and soul in hell! 5Thou canst only entice; but his unchangeable decrees, to leave thousands of souls in death, compels them to continue in sin, till they drop into everlasting burnings. 6Thou temptest; He forceth us to be damned; for we cannot resist his will. 7Thou fool, why goest thou about any longer, seeking whom thou mayest devour? 8Hearest thou not that God is the devouring lion, the destroyer of souls, the murderer of men?" 9Moloch caused only children to pass though the fire: and that fire was soon quenched; or, the corruptible body being consumed, its torment was at an end; but God, thou are told, by his eternal decree, fixed before they had done good or evil, causes, not only children of a span long, but the parents also, to pass through the fire of hell, the 'fire which never shall be quenched; and the body which is cast thereinto, being now incorruptible and immortal, will be ever consuming and never consumed, but 'the smoke of their torment,' because it is God's good pleasure, 'ascendeth up for ever and ever.'"

 # 17 The Father's work causes the devil to rejoice, 28

28. 1O how would the enemy of God and man rejoice to hear these things were so! 2How would he cry aloud and spare not! 3How would he lift up his voice and say, "To your tents, O Israel! 4Flee from the face of this God, or ye shall utterly perish! 5But whither will ye flee? 6Into heaven? 7He is there, Down to hell? 8He is there also. 9Ye cannot flee from an omnipresent, almighty tyrant. 10And whether ye flee or stay, I call heaven, his throne, and earth, his footstool, to witness against you, ye shall perish, ye shall die eternally. 11Sing, O hell, and rejoice, ye that are under the earth! 12For God, even the mighty God, hath spoken, and devoted to death thousands of souls, form the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof! 13Here, O death, is they sting! 14They shall not, cannot escape; for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. 15Here, O grave is thy victory! 16Nations yet unborn, or ever they have done good or evil are doomed never to see the light of life, but thou shalt gnaw upon them for ever and ever! 17Let all those morning stars sing together, who fell with Lucifer, son of the morning! 18Let all the sons of hell shout for joy! 19For the decree is past, and who shall disannul it?" 

 

 

 

 

Re-interpretation of Election: 

# 18 The argument for election by foreknowledge of the soul that chooses life, allowing Christ to make him alive, 29

29. 1Yea, the decree is past; and so it was before the foundation of the world. 2But what decree? 3Even this: "I will set before the sons of men 'life and death, blessing cursing.' And the soul that chooseth life shall live, as the soul that chooseth death shall die." 4This decree whereby "whom God did foreknow, he did predestinate," was indeed from everlasting; this, whereby all who suffer Christ to make them alive are "elect according to the foreknowledge of God," now standeth fast, even as the moon, and as the faithful witnesses in heaven; and when heaven and earth shall pass away, yet this shall not pass away; for it is as unchangeable and eternal as is the being of God that gave it.5This decree yields the strongest encouragement to abound in all good works and in all holiness; and it is a well-spring of joy, of happiness also, to our great and endless comfort. 6This is worthy of God; it is every way consistent with all the perfections of his nature. 7It gives us the noblest view both of his justice, mercy, and truth. 8To this agrees the whole scope of the Christian Revelation, as well as all the parts thereof. 9To this Moses and all the Prophets bear witness, and our blessed Lord and all his Apostles. 10Thus Moses, in the name of his Lord: "I call heaven and earth to record against you this day, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing; therefore choose life, that thou and thy seed may live." 11Thus Ezekiel: (To cite one Prophet for all:) "The soul that sinneth, it shall die: The son shall not bear" eternally, "the iniquity of the father. 12The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him." (18:20.) 13Thus our blessed Lord: "If any man thirst, let him come unto me and drink." (John 7:37.) 14Thus his great Apostle, St. Paul : (Acts 17:30 :) "God commandeth all men everywhere to repent; -- "all men everywhere;" every man in every place, without any exception either of place or person. 15Thus St. James: "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not, and it shall be given him." (James 1:5.) 16Thus St. Peter: (2 Pet. 3:9:) "The Lord is not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance." 17And thus St. John : " If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father; and he is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but for the sins of the whole world." (1 John 2:1, 2).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion

30. 1 O hear ye this, ye that forget God! 2Ye cannot charge your death upon him! " 3Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die?' saith the Lord God." (Ezek. 18:23ff.) 4"Repent, and turn from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin. 5Cast away from you all your transgressions where by ye have transgressed, -- for why will ye die, O house of Israel ? 6For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God. 7Wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye." "As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked. -- Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel ?" (Ezekiel 33:11.)